Gongs of the Karo Gendang
The Karo gendang sarunei is generally played by a sarunei,
two gendang, and two gongs, a very large one called gung and a very small one
called penganak, the latter being derived from 'anak', meaning 'child'. To name
the smallest instrument within a set of instruments as anak/child is very
common, not only within the Batak terminology but also in other Indonesian
cultures. To give some examples of size, some gung measured 100, 68 and 60 cm
in diameter, while the penganak measured 18, 16 and 15 cm.
Two examples of rhythmic patterns, generally used for slow
and fast tempi respectively, are given here:
Karo
Gendang
The
music is played by two drummers on two gendang called gendang anakna
("child" gendang) and gendang indungna ("mother" gendang). The
gendang anakna is actually a pair of drums, consisting of a main drum, baluh,
and a small drum, gerantung ("hanging"), which is attached to the
side of the larger drum. The Karojahe or 'lowlands Karo', whose drums are
considerably larger, use as gendang anakna two main drums, merely turning the
second one upside down as the lower head has a much smaller diameter. The musical
function of the gendang anakna is to provide an accompanying or steady rhythmic
pattern, with little or no variation. The second drummer plays the indungna,
whose shape is the same as the main drum of the anakna pair. The function of
this 'mother' drum is to improvise rhythmic sequences with great virtuosity.
The playing of the gendang is called singanaki and singindungi respectively.
The
Karo keteng-keteng
This
group consists of one kulcapi and/or belobat as melody instrument, two tube
zithers keteng-keteng and one mangkuk.
The
parts for gendang drums and gongs are played on zithers and mangkuk. The
keteng-keteng has two strings. The one tuned to the lower pitch is provided
with a special sound mechanism: a certain piece of bamboo is attached to the
string and vibrates over a sound hole when the string is beaten with a stick.
The resulting low and slightly longer sounding tone is the substitute for the
big gong of the gendang sarunei-ensemble. The mangkuk (usually a bowl made of porcelain),
beaten with a stick, provides the sound of the small gong penganak. On the
second string of the keteng-keteng which passes over a bridge, the parts of the
gendang drums are beaten, differentiated according to the two gendang parts:
1.
keteng-keteng anakna, the accompanying instrument, and
2.
keteng-keteng indungna, varying "solo" instrument.
Source :
The Terminology of Batak Instrumental Music in Northern Sumatra
Author(s): Artur Simon
Source: Yearbook for Traditional Music, Vol. 17, (1985), pp. 113-145
Published by: International Council for Traditional Music
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/768439
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